Auctions: comic books 1961

Action Comics (1938 DC) 273 CGC 3.5

Paper: Off white to white

Label #4376221002

Cover pencils by Curt Swan, inks by Stan Kaye. "The World of Mr. Mxyzptlk!", script by Jerry Siegel, art by Al Plastino; After yet another round of pranks from Mr. Mxyzptlk, Superman travels to the fifth dimensional world where Mxyzptlk lives to perform pranks on him. Hawkman ad. One-page Ollie story by Henry Boltinoff. One-page Little Pete story by Henry Boltinoff. Supermen of America ad. Pick a New Hair Style for Linda (Supergirl) Lee! Supergirl stars in "The Supergirl of Two Worlds!" Statement of ownership - average paid circulation 458,000. 36 Pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Action Comics (1938 DC) 273 GD+ 2.5

2" spine split from bottom.

Cover pencils by Curt Swan, inks by Stan Kaye. "The World of Mr. Mxyzptlk!", script by Jerry Siegel, art by Al Plastino; After yet another round of pranks from Mr. Mxyzptlk, Superman travels to the fifth dimensional world where Mxyzptlk lives to perform pranks on him. Hawkman ad. One-page Ollie story by Henry Boltinoff. One-page Little Pete story by Henry Boltinoff. Supermen of America ad. Pick a New Hair Style for Linda (Supergirl) Lee! Supergirl stars in "The Supergirl of Two Worlds!" Statement of ownership - average paid circulation 458,000. 36 Pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Action Comics (1938 DC) 278 GD+ 2.5

Cover pencils by Curt Swan, inks by Stan Kaye. "The Super-Powers of Perry White!", script by Jerry Coleman, pencils by Curt Swan, inks by Stan Kaye; After being infected by an alien plant, Perry White gains super powers and goes after Superman. One-page Casey the Cop story by Henry Boltinoff. One-page Moolah the Mystic story by Henry Boltinoff. 1st appearance of Brainiac 5, Phantom Girl, Triplicate Girl, Bouncing Boy, Sun Boy, and Shrinking Violet in "The Unknown Supergirl!", script by Jerry Siegel, art by Jim Mooney; Superman is ready to announce Supergirl's existence to the world, but she mysteriously loses her powers at the last minute; 6th Legion of Super-Heroes appearance. Batman and Robin ad. Superman ad. Secret Origins ad. 36 Pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Action Comics (1938 DC) 282 GD/VG 3.0

Cover oxidation.

Last 10-cent cover price. Cover pencils by Curt Swan, inks by Stan Kaye. "Superman's Toughest Day!", script by Bill Finger, art by Al Plastino; A day in Superman's life. His Clark Kent robot has to avoid showing the damage to his hands while on a date with Lois. One-page Shorty story by Henry Boltinoff. One-page Sagebrush Sam story by Henry Boltinoff. "The Supergirl of Tomorrow!", script by Jerry Siegel, art by Jim Mooney; Using a time machine, a powerless Supergirl travels to the future, where her powers return and she frees humanity from the tyrannical reign of the Clan of Censors. One-page Little Pete story by Henry Boltinoff. 36 Pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Adventure Comics (1938 1st Series) 287 CGC 3.0

Paper: Off white

Label #4385447001

Cover pencils by Curt Swan, inks by Stan Kaye. War of the Superboys, script by Jerry Siegel, art by George Papp; Bad boy Dev-Em escapes Krypton and arrives on Earth. Shorty humor page by Henry Boltinoff. 1st Bizarro Perry White and Jimmy Olsen in Jimmy Olsen's Kookie Scoops--Tales of the Bizarro World, script by Jerry Siegel, art by John Forte; Jimmy accidentally gets transported to the Bizarro World and tries to work for the Bizarro newspaper. 36 pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Billy the Kid (1956 Charlton) 30 FR/GD 1.5

Cover by Dick Giordano. Stories and art by Pete Morisi, Sal Trapani, Charles Nicholas, Bill Molno and Vince Alascia. A Western adventure comic that turns the notorious real-life outlaw into a folk hero of the Old West. Billy crosses the border to rescue a friend who has joined a Mexican bandit gang. Billy is elected town marshal to unseat the previous marshal, a bully who rules by force. When an outlaw gang sets out to free their leader from jail, the Masked Raider decides to intervene. The Chihuahua Chieftain; The Tough Guy; The Hopeless Ones; Masked Raider: The Escape; Trouble Called. 32 pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Fantastic Four (1961 1st Series) 1 CGC PG Page 11 Only

Paper: Off white to white

Page 11 Only.

Label #4175303010

Cover pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by George Klein. The issue that started the Marvel Age of comics. First appearance of Mr. Fantastic, the Thing, the Human Torch (Johnny Storm), and the Invisible Girl as they battle the Mole Man in "The Fantastic Four!", script by Stan Lee, pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by George Klein; Dr. Reed Richards takes his friends on a rocket trip that changes their lives forever. The Fantastic Four Meet the Mole Man!, script by Stan Lee, pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by George Klein; Atomic plants disappear all around the world; Reed Richards pinpoints a place which is at the same distance from them all: Monster Isle. The Moleman's Secret!, script by Stan Lee, pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by George Klein; Having captured the Fantastic Four, Moleman recounts how he discovered his underground kingdom. 36 pgs. $0.10. Cover price $0.10.

Flash (1959 1st Series DC) 118 FR/GD 1.5

4.25" Cumulative spine split. Cover detached. Centerfold detached at one staple.

Cover pencils by Carmine Infantino, inks by Murphy Anderson. The Doomed Scarecrow!, script by John Broome, pencils by Carmine Infantino, inks by Murphy Anderson; Flash, in Hollywood, helps out on a movie set; Steve Palmer, the actor playing Flash, is in danger. The Midnight Peril!, script by John Broome, pencils by Carmine Infantino, inks by Joe Giella; Wally West and his friend Pete Willard must spend the night in a haunted house to fulfill a fraternity pledge. Showcase #30 ad with Aquaman. Ad for Giant Superman Annual. Amazing Speeds fact page. 36 Pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Flash (1959 1st Series DC) 121 GD 2.0

2" Cumulative spine split. Cover detached.

Cover pencils by Carmine Infantino, inks by Joe Giella. The Trickster Strikes Back!, script by John Broome, pencils by Carmine Infantino, inks by Joe Giella; the Trickster breaks out of jail and begins a crime rampage. Secret of the Stolen Blueprint!, script by John Broome, pencils by Carmine Infantino, inks by Murphy Anderson; Barry goes to his college reunion and must help his ex-roommate recover stolen blueprints. Letter to the editor from Funky Winkerbean artist Tom Batiuk. Infantino/Giella cover. Palisades Amusement Park ad with Superman. Flash Facts filler page. 36 Pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Flash (1959 1st Series DC) 123 0.3

Cover pencils by Carmine Infantino, inks by Murphy Anderson. 1st Silver Age appearance of Golden Age Flash; 1st mention of an Earth-2 where Golden Age heroes live. Flash of Two Worlds!, script by Gardner F. Fox, pencils by Carmine Infantino, inks by Joe Giella; Barry Allen appears at the Community Center in Central City to perform for kids, and during one of his amazing tricks, is mysteriously transported to Keystone City, a place that he recalls that the original Flash once lived; The two meet and Barry surmises that Jay lives on a parallel Earth, one that evidently Earth-1 writer Gardner Fox tuned in on when he wrote the adventures of the Flash in the 1940's; Jay tells Barry that a crime wave has hit Keystone City and asks Barry for his help. Fastest Trips Around The World! fact page. Promo for Superman Annual #3 and Secret Origins #1. Promo for Batman Annual #1, pencils by Curt Swan, Sheldon Moldoff, and Dick Sprang, inks by Charles Paris. Palisades Amusement Park ad with Superman. 36 Pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Four Color (1942-1962 Dell 2nd Series) 1173B VG- 3.5 Art Back Cover Variant

Variant with "Travelers in the Twilight Zone" filler on back cover. Indicia title is "THE TWILIGHT ZONE, No. 1173." Based on "The Twilight Zone" TV series. Painted cover art. Specter of Youth, script by Leo Dorfman, pencils by Reed Crandall and George Evans, inks by George Evans and Reed Crandall; A elderly merchant becomes rich by dealing in illegally obtained ancient artifacts; He receives a jar that supposedly contains a liquid that will give the gift of eternal youth. The Phantom Lighthouse, script by Leo Dorfman, art by Reed Crandall; On an ice-fishing trip to the Great Lakes, a father and his son find an old fisherman, who tells an odd story about needing to find his boat before a storm hits. Doom By Prediction, script by Leo Dorfman, pencils by Reed Crandall; Archie, a porter and handyman at an airport, seems to have the power of prophecy. Journeys into the Twilight Zone, pencils by George Evans; the possibilities of the existence of extra-sensory perception, telepathy, precognition, and psychometry. Travelers in the Twilight Zone, the extraordinary abilities of Edgar Cayce, Nostradamus, Shanti Devi and Peter Hurcos. 36 pages, full color. Cover price $0.15.

Green Lantern (1960 2nd Series DC) 4 GD- 1.8

Tape under staples. Water damage.

Cover pencils by Gil Kane, inks by Joe Giella. The Diabolical Missile from Qward!, script by John Broome, pencils by Gil Kane, inks by Murphy Anderson; The Qwardians send a missle to destroy Green Lantern. Tom Kalmaku is trapped in the missle's radiation and Green Lantern is forced to travel to Qward for the cure. Secret of Green Lantern's Mask!, script by John Broome, pencils by Gil Kane (Pages 1,2), Mike Sekowsky (Pages 3,4), Ross Andru (Pages 5-8,10,11), Carmine Infantino (Page 9), and Joe Giella (Page 12), inks by Joe Giella; Carol invites Green Lantern to her party. When Hal Jordan arrives instead of Green Lantern some crooks posing as waiters go forward with an imposter Green Lantern plan to steal from the guests. Reveals the secret of Green Lantern's mask. 36 pages, full color. Cover price $0.10.

Green Lantern (1960 2nd Series DC) 7 GD 2.0

Tape on interior cover, pages, and under staples. Cover oxidation. Interior tearing. Water damage.

Origin and first appearance of Sinestro. Cover pencils by Gil Kane, inks by Joe Giella. The Day 100,000 People Vanished!, script by John Broome, pencils by Gil Kane, inks by Joe Giella; In an attempt to capture Green Lantern, Sinestro captures 100,000 people from the town of Valdale; The Guardians warn Green Lantern of Sinestro's plan and Green Lantern travels to Qward to rescue the citizens of Valdale. Wings of Destiny!, script by John Broome, pencils by Gil Kane, inks by Joe Giella; Green Lantern accidentally changes Pieface into a bird while Green Lantern is having a dream. Later Green Lantern has to meet Terga at the airport and stop a hijacking. 36 pgs. $0.10. Cover price $0.10.

Green Lantern (1960 2nd Series DC) 8 CGC 5.5

Paper: Off white to white

Includes certificate from the Jerome Wenker collection and the E. Nelson Bridwell collection.

Label #4388597009

Cover pencils by Gil Kane, inks by Jack Adler. The Challenge From 5700 A.D.!, script by John Broome, pencils by Gil Kane, inks by Joe Giella; Zegors, a highly evolved gila monster form, have the earth under attack in 5700 AD, and the ruling Solarite council brings Hal Jordan to defeat them; He does so by destroying their main weapon and is returned to the present, with no knowledge of his adventure. 36 pgs. $0.10. Cover price $0.10.

Green Lantern (1960 2nd Series DC) 8 GD 2.0

Centerfold detached at one staple. Water damage.

Cover pencils by Gil Kane, inks by Jack Adler. The Challenge From 5700 A.D.!, script by John Broome, pencils by Gil Kane, inks by Joe Giella; Zegors, a highly evolved gila monster form, have the earth under attack in 5700 AD, and the ruling Solarite council brings Hal Jordan to defeat them; He does so by destroying their main weapon and is returned to the present, with no knowledge of his adventure. 36 pgs. $0.10. Cover price $0.10.

Journey into Mystery (1952) 68 GD- 1.8

1" spine split from top. Water damage. Cover oxidation.

Cover pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by Dick Ayers. "Spragg Conqueror of the Human Race!," pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by Dick Ayers; Spragg, an outcast of his race, is forced to the surface of the Earth in Transylvania, where he enslaves the local villagers and forces them to build him a device to boost his powers. "The Utopia" text story, art by Joe Maneely. "Where Walks the Ghost," art by Steve Ditko; An escaped convict looks to buy a house that has the reputation of being haunted so people will steer clear of him, but when he meets up with a real estate agent turns out to be the ghost that haunts the prospective property, he turns himself in to the police for his own protection. "The Man From Mars!," art by Don Heck; A dishonest carnival owner hires an amnesiac to play a Martian and cheats him on his wages. 36 pgs., full color. $0.10. Cover price $0.10.

Journey Into Mystery (1952) UK Edition 70UK VG 4.0

Cover oxidation.

View items consigned by Estate 2101: all items, auctions only

UK edition. Identical to US edition, but has 9d cover price.
Cover pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by Dick Ayers. "The Sandman Cometh!," pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by Dick Ayers; A family stumbles across a hostile alien made of sand; The military are helpless, but it is defeated by the familys bookish son, who uses water to dissolve it and traps it in a bucket. 'A Thousand Years," art by Paul Reinman; A convict is offered freedom and a thousand years of life by a mysterious stranger in return for his name on a contract. "The Stone Man," art by Steve Ditko; An old man prays to the statue of a local hero for help for the local poor. His prayers are answered, but his neighbors cheat him out of his share of the statues gift. 36 pgs., full color.

Journey Into Mystery (1952) UK Edition 71UK GD 2.0

Tape on interior cover, puncture through back cover and last several pages (slightly affects art). Cover oxidation.

View items consigned by Estate 2101: all items, auctions only

UK edition. Identical to US edition, but has 9d cover price.
Cover by Steve Ditko. "I Brought the Roc to Life!," pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by Dick Ayers; Two newlyweds in Egypt uncover a huge egg in the sand that hatches into the Roc in the warm sunlight. "The Boy Who Vanished!," art by Paul Reinman; A lame boy wills himself to the future and his legs are healed before he sends himself home. "The Painting," art by Steve Ditko; An art dealer who buys quality paintings at rock-bottom insulting prices from poverty stricken artists and then sells them for thousands attempts to steal a beautiful painting from a gypsy who refuses to sell it; The dealer has the gypsy arrested on a trumped up charge and burgles the man's wagon to remove the painting. 36 pgs., full color.

Journey Into Mystery (1952) UK Edition 75UK GD+ 2.5 (R)

Trimmed

TRIMMED. Staples added (not manufacturing).

View items consigned by Estate 2101: all items, auctions only

UK edition. Identical to US edition, but has 9d cover price.
Last 10-cent cover price. Cover pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by Dick Ayers. "Lo-Karr, Bringer of Doom!," pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by Dick Ayers; As international tensions mount, an alien lands and demonstrates its power before leaving, promising to return with an army. "Mr. Gregory and the Ghost!," pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by George Klein; A homebuilder who uses shoddy materials and unskilled labor gets his comeuppance when he builds a home for himself out of the wood from haunted trees. "The Magic of Mordoo!," art by Paul Reinman; A man falls in love with a middle-aged woman on vacation, but wants a younger wife; He convinces her to let a gypsy magician make her young again. "The Man Who Lost the World!," script by Stan Lee, art by Steve Ditko; A scientist's assistant is determined to find if his time machine that sends objects into the past or future. Ad for Amazing Adult Fantasy. 36 pgs., full color.

Our Army at War (1952) 112 CGC 4.5

Paper: Off white to white

Label #4388597012

Cover art by Joe Kubert. Battle Shadow starring Sgt Rock, script by Bob Kanigher, art by Joe Kubert. The Fighting Blip, script by Bob Haney, art by Jack Abel. Tell It to The Marines, script by Hank Chapman, art by Jack Abel. 36 Pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Space Adventures (1952 1st series) 40 CGC 5.0

Paper: White

Label #4375737007

Cover by Steve Ditko. Stories and art by Steve Ditko, Bill Molno, Vince Alascia, Rocco "Rocke" Mastroserio and Joe Gill. Sci-fi and super-heroics from Charlton Comics. Atomic-powered superhero Captain Atom tries to escort a dignitary to a peace conference, in a story with early art by Spider-Man co-creator Steve Ditko. In another Ditko story, Captain Atom learns he can cure radiation sickness. A man visits New York City, capital of the world in the far future year of 1995. Captain Atom: The Crisis; The Friendly Planet; The Stolen Hero; Captain Atom: The Boy and the Stars. 32 pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Strange Tales (1951-1976 1st Series) 88 GD+ 2.5

1/2" Cumulative spine split. Centerfold detached at one staple.

Cover pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by Steve Ditko. "Zzutak the Thing That Shouldn't Exist!!", pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by Steve Ditko; An American comic book artist is forced by an Aztec priest to make a monster with magic paints; The artist creates another monster to fight the first, causing the temple to collapse on both monsters. "Snowstorm" text story. "The Lifeless Man!", art by Steve Ditko; A young boy prefers an old wooden toy soldier to more modern toys; His friends make fun of the toy, but when they are threatened by a bear the soldier seems to drive it off with its rifle. "Punishment!", art by Don Heck; An advanced civilization sends a mugger to a prison planet; Only a few moments on this world full of war, crime and disease make him go straight in order to avoid ever again coming back to Earth. 36 pgs., full color. Cover price $0.10.

Superman (1939 1st Series) 145 CGC 3.5

Paper: Off white to white

Label #4320677015

Cover pencils by Curt Swan, inks by Stan Kaye. The Secret Identity of Superman!, pencils by Curt Swan, inks by Stan Kaye; Lois thinks that Superman won't marry her because she can't keep his secret identity a secret. The Interplanetary Circus!, script by Robert Bernstein, art by Al Plastino; An Interplanetary Circus shows up in Metropolis and tries to force Superman to join their travelling circus. The Night of March 31st!, script by Jerry Siegel, pencils by Curt Swan, inks by Sheldon Moldoff; Everything in Superman's life suddenly changes; Lori Lemaris is no longer a mermaid; Supergirl reveals herself to the world; Perry White has become a Bizarro. 36 Pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Superman (1939 1st Series) 149 CGC 4.5

Paper: Off white to white

Label #4385447006

Last 10c cover-priced issue. Cover pencils by Curt Swan, inks by Stan Kaye. Lex Luthor, Hero! [The Death of Superman! part 1], script by Jerry Siegel, pencils by Curt Swan, inks by Sheldon Moldoff; Lex Luthor discovers a cure for cancer and with the help of Superman is paroled from prison. Luthor's Super-Bodyguard! [The Death of Superman! part 2]; Lex Luthor reveals that he was only pretending to be good and kills Superman. List of winners of 'The Great Superman Boo-Boo Contest' from Superman #145; Includes some panels and examples of the errors in that story; Winners got original Superman drawings; First place found 456 errors. The Death of Superman! [part 3]; Superman is buried, and Supergirl brings Lex Luthor to justice. 36 Pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Tales of Suspense (1959) 24 FR/GD 1.5

4" cumulative spine split. Cover oxidation.

Cover pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by Dick Ayers. "The Insect Man," pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by Dick Ayers; A soldier is placed underground in a capsule to test the effects of isolation; He is attacked by a telepathic insect. "Mystery Pupil" text story, art by Joe Maneely. "Beware... the Ticking Clocks!", pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by George Klein; A king is beset by an assassin in the king's clockroom whereupon the assassin is magiked into yet another figurine upon the king's favorite timepiece. "Something Lurks in the Fog!", art by Don Heck; An unrepentant con-man is scared straight when he strays onto a forbidden road and enters a world between life and death. "Long Live the King!", script by Stan Lee, art by Steve Ditko; A greedy prince marries a dowager queen; He tries to use her sleepwalking to cause her death, but the portrait of her husband calls out to warn her, and ghostly hands push the prince to his death. 36 pages, full color. Cover price $0.10.

Tales to Astonish (1959-1968 1st Series) 15 GD 2.0

1" spine split from bottom. Cover detached at one staple. Water damage. Staple rust, rust migration.

Cover by Jack Kirby and Dick Ayers. I Learned the Dread Secret of the Blip!, art by Jack Kirby and Dick Ayers; A power drain and radar anomaly is traced to a creature made of electricity hiding in a cave. The Free Ride text story. I Dared Enter the Forbidden World!, art by Don Heck; A white game hunter finds the legendary elephant's graveyard, hoping to make a fortune in ivory. I Am the Invisible!, art by Steve Ditko; A man threatens a witch unless she hands over two lenses which will make him invisible. I Defied the Curse of Tut-Ah-Anka!, art by Paul Reinman; A criminal hides from the police in an old Egyptian tomb, ignoring the warning of a curse. 36 pgs., full color. $0.10. Cover price $0.10.

Tales to Astonish (1959-1968 1st Series) 18 GD 2.0

2" spine split from bottom through first wrap. Cover oxidation. Water spotting.

Cover by Jack Kirby and Dick Ayers. Gorgilla Strikes Again! Part 1, art by Jack Kirby and Dick Ayers; Gorgilla stows away on a ship to America to contact the human race, but is met with fear and violence in New York. Gorgilla Strikes Again! Part 2, art by Jack Kirby and Dick Ayers. The Stranger, art by Joe Maneely. Monsteroso, art by Steve Ditko; A creature hatches from an egg and imagines itself lord of all it surveys, but it is suddenly drowned, as it is only a microbe in a scientist's culture. Robot on the Rampage!, art by Steve Ditko; A robot stationed at a lighthouse rebels against his human master and the man manages to lock the robot outside where the food supply is stashed, but thanks to the salty sea air, it rusts completely within a mere matter of hours rendering it harmless to carry out its threats. 36 pgs., full color. $0.10. Cover price $0.10.

Unexpected (1956 DC) 63 FN- 5.5

Cover art by Bob Brown. Death to Planet Earth, art by Howard Purcell. Creature Doctor of Space featuring Spaceman at Work, art by George Roussos. The Secret of the Space Circus starring Space Ranger, script by Arnold Drake, art by Bob Brown; Space Ranger disguises himself as a creature in a circus. 36 Pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

Wonder Woman (1942 1st Series DC) 125 VG- 3.5

Interior residue.

First 12-cent cover price. Cover pencils by Ross Andru, inks by Mike Esposito. "Wonder Woman - Battle Prize," script by Robert Kanigher, pencils by Ross Andru, inks by Mike Esposito; Steve Trevor challenges Mer-Man to a contest to prove which is better suited to Wonder Woman's love. "Part Two: Wonder Woman - Battle Prize!", script by Robert Kanigher, pencils by Ross Andru, inks by Mike Esposito. "Part Three: Wonder Woman - Battle Prize," script by Robert Kanigher, pencils by Ross Andru, inks by Mike Esposito; Wonder Woman immediately falls in love with Sir Galahad, Knight with a flying horse and a flying saucer. "Part Four: Wonder Woman - Battle Prize!", script by Robert Kanigher, pencils by Ross Andru, inks by Mike Esposito; Wonder Woman discovers Sir Galahad is actually an amoeba from outer space with a hate for all Amazons. 36 pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.

World's Finest (1941) 120 CGC 7.0

Paper: Off white to white

Label #4376220008

Cover pencils by Curt Swan, inks by Sheldon Moldoff. Challenge of the Faceless Creatures starring Superman and Batman, script by Jerry Coleman and Jim Mooney; Two criminals use ancient magic to control three artificial being that can each steal one of Superman's powers. The Weapons that Boomeranged starring Tommy Tomorrow, script by Jack Miller, art by Jim Mooney. The Deadly Trophy Hunt starring Green Arrow, script by Ed Herron, art by Lee Elias; Green Arrow and Speedy go along on an expedition of the Adventurers' Club to help keep them out of trouble. 36 Pages, Full Color. Cover price $0.10.